It is the world’s most important breeding place for Lesser Flamingos. The lake provides a harsh and difficult living environment for many organisms. Alkali salt crust on the lake’s surface is colored red or pink by salt-loving bacteria that live there. The deep red colors of the lake’s waters and the orange colors in the shallow areas are produced by the red pigment in those cyanobacteria.
Some cyanobacteria are halophilic organisms that, like plants, produce their own food through photosynthesis. In this environment, special bacteria and blue algae thrive, creating an ideal breeding ground for bird life. The lake’s alkalinity can reach a pH level of more than 12. Water containing high concentrations of salt minerals such as sodium and trona remains in the lake as freshwater evaporates. The lake’s temperatures frequently exceed 40 degrees Celsius.
The region experiences erratic seasonal rainfall, primarily between December and May. The lake is 57 kilometers long and 22 kilometers wide. Lake Natron is quite shallow, measuring less than three meters deep and varying in width depending on the water level. The lake is located at the base of mount Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. It is situated in the Gregory Rift, the eastern branch of the East African Rift.
Lake Natron is located in Northern Tanzania, like other soda lakes, Lake Natron has high levels of various salts and it is very high in alkalinity.
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